85 research outputs found
Eclogite facies relics in metabasites from the Sierra de Guadarrama (Spanish Central System): P-T estimations and implications for the Hercynian evolution
Relics of HP-MT eclogitic assemblages related to the first metamorphic stage of the Hercynian orogeny
in the Sierra de Guadarrama (Spanish Central System, SCS) are preserved as boudins of pre-Ordovician
metabasites enclosed by felsic gneisses. Textures indicate a multi-stage metamorphic history starting in
the MT eclogite facies (as deduced from the presence of omphacite and rutile included in garnet) and
continuing through medium to low pressure granulite and retrograde amphibolite-greenschist facies.
Thermobarometric calculations in the eclogitic paragenesis yield pressures of ~14 kbar for temperatures
in the range 725 7758C. Thermobarometry for the subsequent granulitic stage indicates a significant
drop in pressure (P < 10 kbar) for similar temperatures of ~7508C. Metabasites vary from gabbro to
leucotonalites showing the typical Fe enrichment of the tholeiitic series. Chemical characteristics
indicate a derivation from low-pressure crystallization of tholeiitic melts more enriched than typical
MORB compositions. Their original location far from continental margins as evidenced by the absence
of ophiolitic material in the area and their association with platform sediments suggests that
eclogitization was related to intracontinental crustal subduction and thickening. The P-T conditions
estimated in the metabasites for the first metamorphic stage are similar to ones deduced for the
surrounding metasediments and suggest that the Hercynian crust could have reached a thickness of
~70 80 km, which is more than the double the present thickness
Nature and Composition of the Lower Continental Crust in Central Spain and the Granulite–Granite Linkage: Inferences from Granulitic Xenoliths
Xenolith-bearing alkaline ultrabasic dykes were intruded into the of the Hercynian basement of the Spanish Central System in early Mesozoic times. The suite of lower-crustal xenoliths in the dykes divided into three groups: felsic peraluminous granulites, metapelitic granulites and charnockitic granulites. The felsic granulites form ~95% of the total volume of the xenoliths, whereas the charnockitic and metapelitic granulites are much less abundant (~0·01 5%, respectively). Thermobarometric calculations based on mineral paragenesis indicate equilibration conditions around
850–950°C, 7–11 kbar; thus the xenoliths represent lower continental
crustal material. Superimposed on this high-T high-P
assemblage is a high-T low-P paragenesis represented mainly by
kelyphitic coronas, reflecting re-equilibration during transport in the clearly restitic mineral assemblages, with up to 50% garnet and
37% sillimanite. Major and trace element modelling supports the
idea that the late-Hercynian peraluminous granites of central Spain
represent liquids in equilibrium with restitic material of similar composition to the studied lower-crustal xenoliths. 87Sr/86Sr and eNd of the felsic xenoliths, calculated at an average Hercynian age of 300 Ma, are in the range 0·706–0·712, and –1·4 to –8·2, respectively. These values match the isotopic composition of the outcropping late Hercynian granites. The Sr isotopic composition of the xenoliths is lower than that of the outcropping mid-crustal lithologies (orthogneisses, pelites). A major contribution from the lower crust to the source of Hercynian granites greatly reduces the necessity of invoking a large mantle contribution in models of granite petrogenesis. The felsic nature of the lower continental crust in central Spain contrasts with the more mafic lower-crustal composition estimated in other European Hercynian areas, suggesting a non underplated crust in this region of the Hercynian orogenic belt
Evaluating the Performance of High Spatial Resolution UAV-Photogrammetry and UAV-LiDAR for Salt Marshes: The Cadiz Bay Study Case
Salt marshes are very valuable and threatened ecosystems, and are challenging to study
due to their difficulty of access and the alterable nature of their soft soil. Remote sensing methods
in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) offer a great opportunity to improve our knowledge in this
type of complex habitat. However, further analysis of UAV technology performance is still required
to standardize the application of these methods in salt marshes. This work evaluates and tunes
UAV-photogrammetry and UAV-LiDAR techniques for high-resolution applications in salt marsh
habitats, and also analyzes the best sensor configuration to collect reliable data and generate the
best results. The performance is evaluated through the accuracy assessment of the corresponding
generated products. UAV-photogrammetry yields the highest spatial resolution (1.25 cm/pixel)
orthomosaics and digital models, but at the cost of large files that require long processing times,
making it applicable only for small areas. On the other hand, UAV-LiDAR has proven to be a
promising tool for coastal research, providing high-resolution orthomosaics (2.7 cm/pixel) and
high-accuracy digital elevation models from lighter datasets, with less time required to process
them. One issue with UAV-LiDAR application in salt marshes is the limited effectiveness of the
autoclassification of bare ground and vegetated surfaces, since the scattering of the LiDAR point
clouds for both salt marsh surfaces is similar. Fortunately, when LiDAR and multispectral data
are combined, the efficiency of this step improves significantly. The correlation between LiDAR
measurements and field values improves from R2 values of 0.79 to 0.94 when stable reference points
(i.e., a few additional GCPs in rigid infrastructures) are also included as control points. According
to our results, the most reliable LiDAR sensor configuration for salt marsh applications is the nadir
non-repetitive combination. This configuration has the best balance between dataset size, spatial
resolution, and processing time. Nevertheless, further research is still needed to develop accurate
canopy height models. The present work demonstrates that UAV-LiDAR technology offers a suitable
solution for coastal research applications where high spatial and temporal resolutions are required
Isótopos de oxígeno en rocas granulíticas hercínicas de la Región Central Española
O-isotope measurements have beeen made on different types of granulitic rocks from Central Spain (two groups from granulite-migmatite terranes of mid-crustal conditions, a third group from granulitic xenoliths from lower crustal levels). O-isotope fractionations define equilibrium temperatures significatively lesser than metamorphic peak estimates. This is explained as a consequence of fluid-rock interaction during cooling of granulitic terranes, being more resetted in the case of the Guadarrama sector. Major O-isotope homogeneity combined with a lowering in the IH0 / I('0 ratios is defined by granulitic xenoliths. We propose homogenization and lowering of oxygen isotopic ratios in the lower crust to be related to the dehydration and partial melting suffered by these crustal protoliths with minor influx of external fluids. O-isotopes also corroborate the petrogenetical link between these granulitic xenoliths and the huge granitic batholith of the Spanish Central System.Depto. de Mineralogía y PetrologíaFac. de Ciencias GeológicasTRUEMinisterio de Educación y Cultura de España.pu
Applications of Unmanned Aerial Systems (UASs) in Hydrology: A Review
In less than two decades, UASs (unmanned aerial systems) have revolutionized the field of hydrology, bridging the gap between traditional satellite observations and ground-based measurements and allowing the limitations of manned aircraft to be overcome. With unparalleled spatial and temporal resolutions and product-tailoring possibilities, UAS are contributing to the acquisition of large volumes of data on water bodies, submerged parameters and their interactions in different hydrological contexts and in inaccessible or hazardous locations. This paper provides a comprehensive review of 122 works on the applications of UASs in surface water and groundwater research with a purpose-oriented approach. Concretely, the review addresses: (i) the current applications of UAS in surface and groundwater studies, (ii) the type of platforms and sensors mainly used in these tasks, (iii) types of products generated from UAS-borne data, (iv) the associated advantages and limitations, and (v) knowledge gaps and future prospects of UASs application in hydrology. The first aim of this review is to serve as a reference or introductory document for all researchers and water managers who are interested in embracing this novel technology. The second aim is to unify in a single document all the possibilities, potential approaches and results obtained by different authors through the implementation of UASs
Geodinámica de las cordilleras del Alto y Medio Atlas : síntesis de los conocimientos actuales
Se presenta una síntesis geodinámica de las cadenas de intraplaca del Alto y Medio Atlas de Marruecos. Estas cadenas derivan de la inversión tectónica de cuencas extensionales Jurásicas, con un acortamiento orogénico modesto (máximo del 24% en el Alto Atlas y del 10% en el Medio Atlas) heterogéneamente distribuido en el tiempo y en el espacio. Las relaciones entre tectónica y sedimentación en el margen sur del Alto Atlas indican que la deformación compresiva tuvo lugar entre el Eoceno medio y el Cuaternario. Consecuentemente con los valores de acortamiento, el espesor de la corteza detectado por gravimetría no supera los 40 km. A pesar de ello, la topografía de las cadenas del Atlas es elevada, y el modelado de campos potenciales sugiere que está causada por un marcado adelgazamiento litosférico, independiente de la tectónica compresiva regional. Un abundante magmatismo alcalino indica que el adelgazamiento litosférico coexistió con el acortamiento en los últimos 15 Ma, aunque los indicadores geomorfológicos sugieren que la mayor parte del levantamiento de origen mantélico es relativamente reciente (últimos 5 Ma). La termocronología indica que la cantidad de erosión es generalmente pequeña en el Atlas, registrándose de manera notable solo en los últimos 20-25 Ma
Using UAV Photogrammetry and Automated Sensors to Assess Aquifer Recharge from a Coastal Wetland
Novel data-acquisition technologies have revolutionized the study of natural systems, allowing the massive collection of information in situ and remotely. Merging these technologies improves the understanding of complex hydrological interactions, such as those of wetland–aquifer systems, and facilitates their conservation and management. This paper presents the combination of UAV technology with water level dataloggers for the study of a coastal temporary wetland linked to an underlying sandy aquifer and influenced by the tidal regime. Wetland morphology was defined using UAV imagery and SfM algorithms during the dry period. The DTM (6.9 cm resolution) was used to generate a flood model, which was subsequently validated with an orthophoto from a wet period. This information was combined with water stage records at 10-min intervals from a network of dataloggers to infer the water balance of the wetland and the transfers to the aquifer. Inflows into the pond were around 6200 m3 (40% direct precipitation over the pond, 60% surface runoff). Outputs equalled the inputs (41% direct evaporation from water surface, 59% transfers into the aquifer). The proposed methodology has demonstrated its suitability to unravel complex wetland–aquifer interactions and to provide reliable estimations of the elements of the water balance21 página
Diseño de una nueva estrategia docente para facilitar la adquisición de competencias en fisioterapia
Memoria ID12-0122. Ayudas de la Universidad de Salamanca para la innovación docente, curso 2012-2013
Mcp-1 predicts recurrent cardiovascular events in patients with persistent inflammation
Clinical data indicate that patients with C-reactive protein (CRP) levels higher than 2 mg per liter suffer from persistent inflammation, which is associated with high risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). We determined whether a panel of biomarkers associated with CVD could predict recurrent events in patients with low or persistent inflammation and coronary artery disease (CAD). We followed 917 patients with CAD (median 4.59 ± 2.39 years), assessing CRP, galectin-3, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), N-terminal fragment of brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and troponin-I plasma levels. The primary outcome was the combination of cardiovascular events (acute coronary syndrome, stroke or transient ischemic event, heart failure or death). Patients with persistent inflammation (n = 343) showed higher NT-proBNP and MCP-1 plasma levels compared to patients with CRP < 2 mg/L. Neither MCP-1 nor NT-proBNP was associated with primary outcome in patients with CRP < 2 mg/L. However, NT-proBNP and MCP-1 plasma levels were associated with increased risk of the primary outcome in patients with persistent inflammation. When patients were divided by type of event, MCP-1 was associated with an increased risk of acute ischemic events. A significant interaction between MCP-1 and persistent inflammation was found (synergy index: 6.17 (4.39–7.95)). In conclusion, MCP-1 plasma concentration is associated with recurrent cardiovascular events in patients with persistent inflammation.This research was funded by grants from Fondo de Investigaciones Sanitarias (PI14/1567,
PI05/0451, PI16/01419, PI17/01615, PI17/01495, PI19/00128); RETOS-Colaboración (RTC2019-006826-1); Spanish Society of Arteriosclerosis; and Instituto de Salud Carlos III FEDER (FJD biobank: RD09/0076/00101
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